In 2025, 6G is moving from research to active pre-standardization, led by strategic initiatives across Europe, Asia, and major industry players.

Beyond promises of record-breaking speeds, 6G signals a clear shift: artificial intelligence is being embedded from the very beginning in network design, with strong emphasis on resilience and energy efficiency. Yet behind this global momentum, fault lines are beginning to appear. Autonomous network governance, algorithmic sovereignty, interoperability, and ethical values all raise critical questions. Rather than a unified global standard, 6G could become the expression of a fragmented world — where each technological power shapes its own path.

Here are five key dimensions shaping the 6G landscape:

1. From Research to Reality
6G is entering the pre-standardization phase, driven by concrete projects in Europe, Asia, and the United States.

2. Intelligence Over Speed
Beyond extreme data rates, the focus is shifting to AI integration, network resilience, and energy efficiency.

3. Strategic Tech Sovereignty
Major powers are investing to control critical components — from intelligent RAN to embedded decision-making algorithms.

4. Spectrum Tensions Rise
Access to the 6 GHz band is becoming a strategic battleground, with growing competition between telecom and Wi-Fi stakeholders.

5. Convergence or Fragmentation?
Amid rising geopolitical tensions, the key question remains: will 6G become a global standard or a fragmented, multi-model network?

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